Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With STEMI Treated With Fibrinolysis: TREAT Trial

BackgroundThe efficacy of ticagrelor in the long-term post–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with fibrinolytic therapy remains uncertain.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ticagrelor when compared with clopidogrel in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy.MethodsThis international, multicenter, randomized, open-label with blinded endpoint adjudication trial enrolled 3,799 patients (age <75 years) with STEMI receiving fibrinolytic therapy. Patients were randomized to ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose, 90 mg twice daily thereafter) or clopidogrel (300- to 600-mg loading dose, 75 mg daily thereafter). The key outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and the same composite outcome with the addition of severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events at 12 months.ResultsThe combined outcome of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 129 of 1,913 patients (6.7%) receiving ticagrelor and in 137 of 1,886 patients (7.3%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.18; p = 0.53). The composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events occurred in 153 of 1,913 patients (8.0%) treated with ticagrelor and in 171 of 1,886 patients (9.1%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.71 to 1.09; p = 0.25). The rates of major, fatal, and intracranial bleeding were similar between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups.ConclusionAmong patients age <75 years with STEMI, administration of ticagrelor after fibrinolytic therapy did not significantly reduce the frequency of cardiovascular events when compared with clopidogrel. (Ticagrelor in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Pharmacological Thrombolysis [TREAT]; NCT02298088)     

Influence of orthodontic appliance type on salivary parameters during treatment

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of orthodontic appliances on physicochemical, biochemical, and oxidative stress changes in salivary parameters during treatment.Materials and MethodsA cohort study was conducted with 112 healthy patients. Salivary samples were taken at baseline, 1 month, and 9 months after placement of the orthodontic appliances used in treatment.ResultsA statistically significant difference was observed in certain examined salivary parameters, including enzymes, electrolytes, and oxidative stress markers.ConclusionsThe use of aligners had a lower prevalence of disturbing salivary parameters. Orthodontist must consider these changes to prevent the occurrence of white spot lesions.     

血必净注射液对EICU脓毒症患者炎症应激反应和心肌功能的影响

目的:探讨血必净注射液治疗急诊重症监护室(EICU)脓毒症患者的疗效,以及对机体炎症应激反应和心肌功能的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将190例脓毒症分为常规组和血必净组,每组均95例。两组均严格按照脓毒症治疗指南(2016年版)给予常规抗脓毒症集束化治疗,血必净组在常规治疗基础上给予血必净注射液治疗,常规组给予等量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。观察两组治疗前和治疗7 d后急性和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分,检测并比较治疗前后血清炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)和心肌损伤标志物血肌钙蛋白I(cTn I)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,统计两组EICU住院时间和28 d死亡率。结果:两组治疗7 d后血清TNF-α、hs-CRP、PCT、IL-6和cTn I、CK-MB水平均明显下降(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗7 d后上述炎性因子和心肌功能指标水平显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗7 d后APACHEⅡ评分明显低于常规组,EICU住院时间较常规组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组28 d病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:常规对症治疗联合血必净注射液能有效减轻脓毒症患者机体炎症应激反应和保护心肌功能,对改善病情程度和缩短EICU住院时间有一定价值。     

我院药物代谢酶和药物作用靶点基因检测与精准药学服务实践与总结

目的回顾我院药物代谢酶和药物作用靶点相关基因检测与精准药学服务实践过程,总结经验,与同行分享。方法从准备工作、相关检测项目的确定,学术推广、项目优化和开展情况等方面详细阐述我院基因检测开展过程与精准药学服务情况。结果根据临床需求,我院已开展了以心脑血管药和抗精神病药为主的27种药物,26项检测,2018年全年位1587名患者提供个体化用药建议,受到临床医生和患者欢迎。结论基于代谢酶和药物作用靶点相关基因检测的个体化用药建议是临床药师参与精准治疗的重要途径,有助于医生和药师之间的沟通,有利于提高药学服务水平。     

心肌超声造影在心脏占位性病变诊断中的价值

心脏占位性病变是一类发病率较低,严重威胁患者生命的疾病,其临床表现缺乏特异性,治疗和预后更因性质而异,因此早期发现及诊断心脏占位性病变对患者非常重要。心肌超声造影是近年来兴起的新技术,该技术能定性及定量评估心脏占位性病变的血流灌注,为诊断及鉴别心脏占位性病变提供依据。本文就心肌超声造影在心脏占位性病变诊断中的价值进行综述。     

竖脊肌平面阻滞超前镇痛对老年胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者心肌的保护作用

目的探讨竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）超前镇痛对老年胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者心肌的保护作用。 方法选择在惠州市中心人民医院择期行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的老年患者40例，按照患者意愿分组，其中19例采用ESPB联合全身麻醉（观察组），21例采用单纯全身麻醉（对照组）。在两组诱导前（T0）、手术开始1 h（T1）、手术结束时（T2）及术后4 h（T3）检测患者的肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB），并记录各时间点的平均动脉压（MAP）和心率。计量资料的组间比较采用t检验，重复测量资料采用重复测量方差分析。 结果两组患者MAP、心率、cTnⅠ、H-FABP、CK-MB的差异均呈现组间效应、时间效应和交互效应（MAP：F=24.021、33.512、9.184，心率：F=10.340、46.992、3.494，cTnⅠ：F=5.354、691.994、64.177，H-FABP：F=7.906、14.067、11.560，CK-MB：F=15.926、84.106、4.116，P<0.05或0.01）。与T0时间点比较，两组患者T1、T2、T3时间点MAP、心率、H-FABP、CK-MB均出现明显变化（P<0.05），T2、T3时间点cTnⅠ出现明显变化（P<0.05）。 结论老年胸腔镜肺癌根治术中应用ESPB超前镇痛，可明显降低心肌损伤相关因子水平，起到心肌保护作用。